The disorder of initiation and/or maintenance of sleep (DIMS), which is another name for insomnia, is a common sleep disorder that can cause any of the following.
A difficult time starting to fall asleep.
Difficulty keeping asleep, which can refer to either or both of the following:
Regular nighttime awakenings, and
b. Early morning awakening.
Non-restorative sleep, also known as poor quality sleep, occurs when a person feels unrested despite getting an adequate amount of sleep.
It is necessary for diagnosis that sleep disturbance occurs at least three times a week for at least one month, that it causes either marked distress or interferes with social and occupational functioning, and that it occurs at least three times a week for at least one month. Insomnia is very common, with nearly 15-30% of the general population complaining of a period of insomnia per year requiring treatment.
Causes
Insomnia has several typical causes, including:
a. Medical illness
Any ailment that causes pain or discomfort
· Heart diseases
· Respiratory diseases
Musculoskeletal and rheumatic diseases
· Old age
Hypothalamic or brain stem lesions
· Delirium
PMS (periodic movement syndrome, also known as restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movement disorder)
b. Alcohol and drug use
Withdrawal symptoms from drugs or alcohol
· Delirium tremens
Adderall or other stimulants, such as caffeine
· Chronic alcoholism
c. Current medication
Current medications, such as propranolol, theophylline, fluoxetine, and steroids
d. Psychiatric disorders
As there is frequently a decreased need for sleep, mania (which may not complain of decreased sleep)
Major depression (presented as difficulty initiating sleep but more pronounced difficulty maintaining sleep);
Dysthymia (a condition that makes it difficult to fall asleep)
Disorder of anxiety (commonly has trouble falling asleep)
Anxiety-inducing circumstances (which could lead to brief insomnia)
e. Idiopathic insomnia
Management
A complete medical and mental health evaluation
Some patients might require polysomnography to confirm a diagnosis.
If a physical or mental disorder is present, it must be treated.
Removing any current medications that you’re taking
Sleep hygiene education, which consists of general recommendations for promoting restful sleep but is not a treatment in and of itself for insomnia, and relaxation techniques before bedtime.
· Psychotherapy, if indicated
· Drug treatment
Sleep hygiene
These are some fundamental elements of good sleep hygiene:
Daily, routine physical activity (avoid evenings, if possible)
· Minimize day time napping
When going to bed, stay away from drinking and eating a lot.
Pre-sleep caffeine consumption should be avoided (e.g., in tea, coffee, or cola drinks.
Avoid drinking alcohol on a regular basis, and especially refrain from using it as a hypnotic to induce sleep.
Refrain from doing any reading or watching TV in bed.
Find somewhere cozy, dark, and quiet to sleep.
A consistent wake-up and sleep schedule
· Try relaxation techniques
HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES
When it comes to insomnia, there are many effective medicines available in homoeopathy, but the choice depends on the individuality of the patient, taking mental and physical symptoms into consideration. Homoeopathy is currently a rapidly growing system that is used throughout the world. Its strength lies in its evident effectiveness as it takes a holistic approach towards the sick individual.
COFFEA CRUDA:Coffea cruda is prescribed when the mind is charged by an excessive inflow of thoughts and ideas at the time of sleep. This condition may be found in people who drink too much wine or in people who are over-tired from long journeys.
NUX VOMICA:When the time to rise comes around, the patient finally feels like they can sleep but instead must get up in a tired, irritable state. Nux vomica is prescribed to irritable, easily angered, and impatient people. They frequently have trouble falling asleep but wake up at 3 or 4 am with great mental activity or worries.
ACONITUM NAPELLUS:Patients who exhibit restlessness, excitement, and anguished fear are given aconitum napellus. This mental state may be brought on by shock or fright, such as a serious accident, natural disaster, or operation. It frequently occurs in the early stages of a sudden acute illness, frequently following a chill.
CHAMOMILLA:Chamomilla is another popular remedy for insomnia. Chamomilla patients exhibit irritability and uncivil behavior; they are frequently frantic with pain or irritability and claim they cannot stand it. Chamomilla patients are drowsy during the day, but unable to fall asleep despite being sleep-deprived. This type of irritability is seen in teething infants who demand to be carried, or in adults who will walk the floor.
ARNICA MONTANA:When a person is physically or mentally exhausted but unable to fall asleep, arnica montana is an effective remedy. The patient may also feel bruised or the bed may be too hard.
ALFALFA:Because it promotes restful, rejuvenating sleep, alfalfa helps people sleep better in the morning.
COCCULUS INDICUS:Cocculus patients are emotionally sensitive, easily offended, and intolerant of contradiction, or they may be extremely depressed. They are sleepless from exhaustion. Cocculus insomnia frequently results from loss of sleep associated with night watching or nursing ill people.
NATRUM MURIATICUM:For insomnia brought on by sorrow and unpleasant memories, natrum mur is effective.
AURUM METALLICUM:When negative thoughts are keeping a person awake, such as feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, a desire to end one’s life, or suicidal thoughts, aurum metallicum is effective for treating insomnia caused by severe depression, melancholy mood, and sleeplessness.
AVENA SATIVA:Alcoholism or morphine addiction-related insomnia is treated with avena sativa medication.
IGNATIA AMAR:When a person experiences grief or a traumatic event like a death, they may experience insomnia. Ignatiaamara is often prescribed to treat this condition.
KALI PHOSPHORICUM:Insomnia brought on by stress and anxiety can be treated with kali phos, which can also be used to treat insomnia brought on by excessive mental and physical activity.
BARYTA CARBONICUM:When a person wants to sleep but is unable to do so, baryta carb. is recommended. It also works well for treating disturbed sleep and sleep with anxious dreams.
PASSIFLORA INCARNATA:The best treatment for insomnia in older people who also experience restlessness is passiflora. Passiflora is also a successful treatment for insomnia in alcoholics.
ARSENIC ALBUM:Arsenic alb is a useful treatment for insomnia brought on by restlessness, which manifests as difficulty falling asleep or waking up at around two in the morning out of anxiety, as well as restlessness and a strong urge to move around the room.
AMBRA GRISEA:Insomnia brought on by worries or work issues can be treated with ambrrisea.
CANNABIS INDICA:Patients with persistent and severe forms of insomnia who are unable to fall asleep benefit from cannabis indica.
PISCIDIA:When anxiety, nervousness, excitement, dysmenorrhea, coughing, and pain cause insomnia, pisidia is effective.
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